Throat cancer is a serious condition that affects areas like the larynx, oropharynx, and tonsils. It usually begins in the flat cells lining the throat and, while not as widespread as some other cancers, it can still be quite dangerous. In some cases, it may also damage the epiglottis—the small flap that covers the windpipe when swallowing. In this article, we’ll go over ten warning signs of throat cancer that you should be aware of.
Different Types of Throat Cancer
Throat cancer comes in several forms. The two most common types are oropharyngeal cancer and laryngeal cancer. Oropharyngeal cancer is often linked to HPV, the most widespread sexually transmitted infection in the U.S. This type of cancer is diagnosed in men twice as often as in women, with most cases appearing in individuals over 63. On the other hand, laryngeal cancer primarily impacts the voice box and is more frequently found in those over 55.
Other variations of throat cancer include hypopharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, supraglottic, glottic, and subglottic cancers. Let’s take a closer look at the ten key symptoms associated with these conditions.
1. Persistent Sore Throat
One of the earliest warning signs of throat cancer is a sore throat that lingers for weeks or worsens over time. Unlike a typical throat infection that clears up in a few days, cancer-related throat pain can be long-lasting and may intensify, making it difficult to speak or swallow. If your sore throat persists for more than two weeks, it’s best to get it checked by a doctor.
2. Unexplained Weight Loss
Losing weight unintentionally—without changes to diet or physical activity—could be a red flag for throat cancer. As the disease progresses, pain while swallowing often leads to reduced food intake, causing significant weight loss. Additionally, cancer can alter metabolism, decreasing appetite and making it even harder to maintain a healthy weight.
3. Changes in Your Voice
If your voice suddenly becomes hoarse, raspy, or weak and the change doesn’t go away, it could be a sign of laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer. Since these cancers often affect the vocal cords, they can make speech sound slurred or strained. If voice abnormalities persist for an extended period, it’s crucial to seek medical evaluation, as early detection improves treatment outcomes.
4. Difficulty Swallowing
Struggling to swallow food or feeling like something is stuck in your throat could indicate a tumor blocking the passageway. This condition, known as dysphagia, can make eating painful and uncomfortable, leading some individuals to avoid meals altogether, which can further contribute to weight loss. If you frequently experience difficulty swallowing, it’s essential to get a medical assessment.
5. A Lump in the Neck
Swollen lymph nodes that feel firm and don’t go away could be a warning sign of throat cancer. Unlike swelling from a temporary infection, cancerous lumps tend to grow over time and remain noticeable. If you detect a persistent lump in your neck, seeking medical attention promptly is crucial, as early intervention can significantly impact treatment success.
6. Chronic Cough
A cough that lingers for weeks—especially if it produces blood—shouldn’t be ignored. Smokers should pay particular attention to changes in their usual cough, as this could signal the development of throat cancer. If your cough persists and starts interfering with daily life, schedule a doctor’s visit as soon as possible.
7. Trouble Opening Your Mouth
In some cases, tumors or swelling related to throat cancer can make it difficult to open the mouth fully. This can impact basic activities like eating and speaking and may also lead to challenges in maintaining proper oral hygiene. If you notice stiffness or discomfort when trying to open your mouth, it’s worth discussing with a healthcare provider.
8. A Lump in the Mouth
If you discover an unusual lump inside your mouth, don’t ignore it. While not all lumps are cancerous, any growth that continues to enlarge or change in texture should be taken seriously. Getting an early diagnosis increases the chances of effective treatment, so don’t hesitate to consult a doctor if you notice anything unusual.
9. Frequent Nosebleeds
Unexpected and frequent nosebleeds—especially in people who don’t usually experience them—can sometimes indicate throat or oral cancer. Tumors in the head and neck region can irritate nearby tissues, triggering recurrent bleeding. While many factors can cause nosebleeds, if they happen repeatedly without an obvious cause, you should see a doctor.
10. Persistent Headaches
Although headaches are common and can stem from various causes, frequent or unexplained headaches, particularly those centered behind the eyes, could be linked to throat cancer. Tumors or inflammation in the head and neck can increase pressure, leading to chronic headaches. If headaches persist alongside other symptoms on this list, it’s best to get a medical evaluation.
Final Thoughts
Throat cancer symptoms can sometimes resemble those of less serious conditions, making them easy to dismiss. However, if you notice multiple warning signs that don’t improve over time, don’t take them lightly. Early detection is key to better treatment outcomes, so if something feels off, consult a doctor as soon as possible.