Thyroid tumors can affect the normal function of your thyroid gland. While not all tumors are cancerous, managing your diet is one part of supporting thyroid health, especially if you have a thyroid condition or are at higher risk.
What Causes Thyroid Cancer?
The exact cause of thyroid cancer is not fully understood, but several risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing it:
- Radiation exposure, especially during childhood
- Low iodine intake in the diet
- Family history of thyroid cancer or thyroid disease
- Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland)
- Genetic mutations, such as those involved in MEN2A or MEN2B syndromes
- Enlarged thyroid (goiter)
Having one or more of these factors doesn’t mean you will develop thyroid cancer, but they may increase your risk.
Doctors Advise You to Eat Less of These Foods
If you have a thyroid tumor or thyroid condition, some foods may interfere with thyroid function or treatment. While you don’t have to completely avoid them, it’s wise to limit the following:
- Soy and Soy-Based Products
Soy contains compounds called isoflavones, which may interfere with the absorption of thyroid hormone medication. It doesn’t cause thyroid cancer, but moderation is advised, especially for those on thyroid hormone therapy. - Cruciferous Vegetables (Raw)
Vegetables like cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and kale may affect thyroid hormone production when consumed in large amounts raw, especially if you already have iodine deficiency. Cooking these vegetables significantly reduces their goitrogenic effect. - Highly Processed Foods
Processed foods often contain high levels of sodium, which can worsen thyroid-related high blood pressure or fluid retention. Limiting processed snacks, frozen meals, and instant foods is generally recommended. - Sugary Foods and Drinks
Excess sugar can increase inflammation in the body and may affect hormone balance. People with thyroid issues should keep sugar intake in check. - Fatty Foods and Fried Items
High-fat diets can interfere with the body’s ability to absorb thyroid hormone medications and may contribute to weight gain, a common issue for those with hypothyroidism. - Caffeine (in excess)
Too much caffeine can interfere with thyroid medication absorption and may increase anxiety or heart palpitations in some people.
Superfoods to Support Thyroid Health
The thyroid is a small but powerful gland that plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall hormonal balance. While a balanced diet is key to maintaining thyroid health, certain nutrient-rich foods—often referred to as “superfoods”—can provide additional support. Below are some foods that may contribute positively to thyroid function as part of a healthy lifestyle.
1. Berries
Berries such as strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries are excellent sources of antioxidants, vitamin C, and dietary fibre. Antioxidants are known to help reduce oxidative stress, which may indirectly support thyroid health, especially in autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. While no single fruit can “cure” thyroid issues, including antioxidant-rich berries in your diet is a healthy choice.
Note: Some claims suggest black raspberries have the highest antioxidant levels and lowest sugar content. While they are nutritious, antioxidant levels vary across berry types and depend on factors like ripeness and growing conditions.
2. Apples
Apples are rich in soluble fibre, particularly pectin, which may help remove heavy metals from the body. This has led to speculation that apples might support thyroid health, especially for individuals concerned about environmental toxins. They also contain quercetin, an antioxidant that has anti-inflammatory properties. While there’s no direct evidence that apples boost thyroid function, they are a nutritious, anti-inflammatory fruit that complements a thyroid-friendly diet.
Other Helpful Superfoods
It’s also worth noting a few additional foods that are commonly recommended to support thyroid health:
- Brazil nuts (rich in selenium, important for thyroid hormone metabolism)
- Seaweed (a source of iodine, though intake should be moderated)
- Pumpkin seeds (contain zinc, which supports hormone production)
- Leafy greens (packed with vitamins and minerals, including magnesium)
Conclusion
No single food can “treat” or “heal” thyroid conditions. However, incorporating a variety of nutrient-dense, antioxidant-rich whole foods—like berries, apples, and seeds—can support overall wellness and complement medical treatment. For those with thyroid disorders, especially autoimmune types, it’s always wise to consult a healthcare provider or registered dietitian before making major dietary changes.